@article{oai:doshisha.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027627,
 author = {猿渡, 壮 and Saruwatari, Takeshi},
 issue = {134},
 journal = {評論・社会科学, Hyoron Shakaikagaku (Social Science Review)},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {NPO の中には，活動の多くを無給のボランティアが支えている組織もあれば，ほとんどが専門的職業人で構成されている組織もある。本稿ではこうしたメンバー構成に着目し，ボランティアだけで構成された「ボランティア型」，有給で働く人だけで構成された「就労型」，ボランティアと有給者を共に含む「混合型」にNPO を分類した上で，各類型の特徴や組織運営の違いが検討される。分析から明らかにされたのは，以下の点である。
（1）ボランティア型は高齢男性が主たる担い手であるのに対して，就労型は若年メンバーを多く含み，女性が主たる担い手となっている。
（2）ボランティア型や混合型の組織は，対人サービスの質で就労型に劣る傾向がある。しかし，もともとサービスの利用者だった人が組織のメンバーになる機会が相対的に多く，利用者の中から顧客という立場を超えた市民参加を生み出す傾向がある。
（3）ボランティア型は活動における自律性が高い反面，財政面では多くの困難を抱えている。対して就労型は，財政面では相対的に余裕があるものの，行政への財政依存度が高いために活動における自律性が低い傾向にある。, Some nonprofit organizations have unpaid volunteers supporting many of their activities, whereas others employ mostly paid professionals. In this paper, we focus on these differences in member composition and analyze nonprofit organizations on the basis of quantitative survey data. Nonprofits are classified into three types : "volunteer type," where all members are unpaid volunteers, "working type," where all staff are paid workers, and "mixed type," where both volunteers and paid staff are included. We will examine the characteristics of each type and the differences in organizational management. Our study found the following :
(1) While the volunteer type is mainly dominated by elderly men, the working type includes many young members, with the majority being women.
(2) Volunteer-type and mixed-type organizations tend to be inferior to working-type organizations in terms of the quality of human services. However, in both volunteer- and mixed-type organizations, those who were originally beneficiaries of the service more often participate in organizational activities, and there is a tendency to create public involvement among beneficiaries that goes beyond the simple customer.
(3) While the volunteer type usually has a high degree of autonomy in organizational activities, it faces many financial difficulties. In contrast, the working type tends to have low autonomy because of its high financial dependence on the government, but it has relatively large funds. 
Nonprofits often face the dilemma of finding a balance between improving their service quality and creating diverse public involvement. They must also find a compromise between securing a stable financial base and maintaining autonomous activities. Future research on nonprofit organizations should seek to resolve these dilemmas., 論文(Article), application/pdf},
 pages = {83--106},
 title = {NPOのメンバー構成と組織運営 : ボランティア型・就労型・混合型の比較を通じて},
 year = {2020},
 yomi = {サルワタリ, タケシ}
}