@article{oai:doshisha.repo.nii.ac.jp:00022139,
 author = {岡本, 由美子 and Okamoto, Yumiko and 深作, 裕喜子 and Fukasaku, Yukiko},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {同志社政策科学研究, Doshisha University policy & management review},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {In 2011, Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) leaders agreed to encourage co-operation and interaction among researchers and laboratories, including through joint research and development (R&D), in order to accelerate innovations that can be applied to address the common economic and other challenges faced by APEC economies. This is necessary because the degree to which Asia-Pacific researchers and firms are engaged in collaborative research and development seems to remain small. In contrast to the Asia-Pacific region, co-operation in science and technology (S&T) among member states has been a major component of integration in the European Union (EU). The purpose of this paper is to learn lessons from Europe with respect to regional research co-operation and collaboration, and to draw some policy implications for enhancing co-operative and collaborative R&D among Asia-Pacific economies. The 1957 treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) encouraged actions towards establishing an integrated community and research was considered as one such area. In the mid 1980s, the EEC launched the European Framework programmes (FPs), which have been renewed several times with increasing budgets, to support collaborative research projects involving three or more member and/or associated states. As a result, scientific collaboration has grown rapidly in Europe. Since 2000, the EU has been integrating the FPs and other collaborative instruments to create a European Research Area (ERA) with the aim of overcoming fragmentation in research and enhancing innovative capacity. A diverse range of instruments of co-operation, collaboration, and co-ordination developed over five decades in Europe was found to have enabled the creation of critical mass, avoidance of fragmentation, enhancement of researcher mobility, and strengthening of cross-sector and cross-border networks within the EU. The authors conclude that Europe presents some models that APEC could modify and adapt in order to develop its own instruments of co-operation and collaboration., 研究ノート・資料(Note), application/pdf},
 pages = {79--91},
 title = {APEC and innovation policy : lessons to learn from Europe},
 volume = {14},
 year = {2013},
 yomi = {オカモト, ユミコ and フカサク, ユキコ}
}