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          <dc:title xml:lang="en">Business groups in Pakistan : why did Muslim merchants who migrated to Pakistan form business groups?</dc:title>
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            <jpcoar:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierURI="https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/search/?qm=10340845" nameIdentifierScheme="e-Rad">10340845</jpcoar:nameIdentifier>
            <jpcoar:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierURI="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18186929" nameIdentifierScheme="AID">DA18186929</jpcoar:nameIdentifier>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="ja">川満, 直樹</jpcoar:creatorName>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="ja-Kana">カワミツ, ナオキ</jpcoar:creatorName>
            <jpcoar:creatorName xml:lang="en">Kawamitsu, Naoki</jpcoar:creatorName>
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            <jpcoar:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierURI="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04066893" nameIdentifierScheme="AID">DA04066893</jpcoar:nameIdentifier>
            <jpcoar:rightsHolderName xml:lang="ja">同志社大学商学会</jpcoar:rightsHolderName>
            <jpcoar:rightsHolderName xml:lang="ja-Latn">Doshisha Daigaku Shogakkai</jpcoar:rightsHolderName>
            <jpcoar:rightsHolderName xml:lang="en">The Association of Commerce Doshisha University</jpcoar:rightsHolderName>
          </jpcoar:rightsHolder>
          <jpcoar:subject subjectScheme="NDC">335.58</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">パキスタン</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">ビジネスグループ</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">人脈</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="ja" subjectScheme="Other">ファミリービジネス</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">Pakistan</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">business groups</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">personal connections</jpcoar:subject>
          <jpcoar:subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="Other">family business</jpcoar:subject>
          <datacite:description xml:lang="ja" descriptionType="Abstract">本論文の目的は、分離独立当初にパキスタンへ移住してきたムハージルのムスリム商人たちが、パキスタンでどのようにして財閥化したかのを明らかにすることである。パキスタンの初期経済を支えたのは、ムハージルのムスリム商人たちであった。その後、彼らはパキスタンで多分野にわたりビジネスを展開し、同国の経済発展に貢献するとともに財閥化していった。本論文では、彼ら商人たちがパキスタンで財閥化していった要因をパキスタン社会に注目し、地域的な要因と人脈的な要因から考察する。</datacite:description>
          <datacite:description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Abstract">This study discusses the reasons why Muhajir Muslim merchants, who emigrated to Pakistan from British India or other countries or regions around the time of the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, were able to form business groups in Pakistan. In this study, business groups are defined as "a legal group of several independent companies operating in different markets through various formal and informal relationships." In developing countries business groups are often the driving force of the economy. How are business groups formed? When intermediary institutions are dysfunctional, for example in developing markets, business groups can perform some of the functions that more mature institutions might. Further, it is conceivable that monopolistic activities will be permitted in some aspects of the market, in support of government development policies. In this study, we focus on Pakistani society as another factor, from the perspective of "regional" and "personal" connections.</datacite:description>
          <datacite:description xml:lang="ja" descriptionType="Other">石田信博教授定年退職記念号(Special issue in commemoration of Prof. Nobuhiro Ishida's retirement)</datacite:description>
          <dc:publisher xml:lang="ja">同志社大学商学会</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher xml:lang="ja-Latn">Doshisha Daigaku Shogakkai</dc:publisher>
          <dc:publisher xml:lang="en">The Association of Commerce Doshisha University</dc:publisher>
          <datacite:date dateType="Issued">2022-03-14</datacite:date>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501">departmental bulletin paper</dc:type>
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          <jpcoar:identifier identifierType="DOI">https://doi.org/10.14988/00028814</jpcoar:identifier>
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            <jpcoar:relatedTitle xml:lang="ja">掲載刊行物所蔵情報へのリンク ／ Link to Contents</jpcoar:relatedTitle>
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          <jpcoar:sourceIdentifier identifierType="NCID">AN00165609</jpcoar:sourceIdentifier>
          <jpcoar:sourceTitle xml:lang="ja">同志社商学</jpcoar:sourceTitle>
          <jpcoar:sourceTitle xml:lang="en">Doshisha Shogaku (The Doshisha Business Review)</jpcoar:sourceTitle>
          <jpcoar:volume>73</jpcoar:volume>
          <jpcoar:issue>6</jpcoar:issue>
          <jpcoar:pageStart>1423</jpcoar:pageStart>
          <jpcoar:pageEnd>1441</jpcoar:pageEnd>
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            <datacite:date dateType="Available">2022-04-20</datacite:date>
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